How to Use 在 | Structures + Sentence Examples

Q: What is 在?

在 (zài) has several different uses and functions . It can be used as preposition and sometimes verb. Most of them have to do with location. It is actually the 8th most common Chinese character , so you’ll see it pretty often.

Q: How to use 在?

在 (zài) can be used as preposition and sometimes verb. Here are some common structures: Subject + 在 + place + Verb Subject + 住/放/坐/站 + 在 + Location Subject + 在 + place + 吗？ (Negation) Subject + 不/没 + 在 + place

Q: What are some examples with 在?

Here are some examples with 在: 妈妈在超市买东西。 māmā zài chāoshì mǎi dōngxī. | Mum is shopping in the supermarket. 他坐在沙发上。 tā zuò zài shāfā shàng. | He is sitting on the sofa. 妈妈在家。 māmā zàijiā. | Mum is at home. 妈妈不在家。 māmā bù zàijiā. | Mum is not at home.

Q: Is it necessary to learn how to use 在?

It is indeed! There are some basic sentence structures you absolutely need to learn, otherwise you’ll have trouble expressing yourself and make sentences correctly. The same goes for many other particles of the Chinese language, such as the use of 的 and 吗 for example.

Q: Any other grammar I should know about?

There are a few indeed. Here is a list to get you started: How to use 的 How to use 不 How to use 吧 How to use 呢 How to use 吗

Home HSK 1 Using 在 to indicate location

HOW TO USE 在?

在 (zài) has several different uses and functions.

It can be used as a preposition and sometimes verb.

Most of them are related to location.

在 AS A PREPOSITION

When indicating the location that a verb takes place in, 在 (zài) followed by a location, comes before the verb.

PATTERN

Subject + 在 + Place + Verb

^{tā zài gōngsī gōngzuò.}

他在公司工作。

_{He works in the company.}

^{māmā zài chāoshì mǎi dōngxī.}

妈妈在超市买东西。

_{Mum is shopping in the supermarket.}

NOTE – In English, location is usually put at the end of a sentence. In Chinese, location is usually put after the subject but before the verb.

❌ 我学习在图书馆。wǒ xuéxí zài túshū guǎn
✅ 我在图书馆学习。wǒ zài túshū guǎn xuéxí

However, there are some verbs that imply movement or location like 住 (zhù), 放 (fàng), 坐 (zuò), and 站 (zhàn), which can be put before the location.This structure “在 + Location” is called a location complement.

PATTERN

Subject + 住/放/坐/站 + 在 + Location

^{nǐ zhù zài běijīng ma?}

你住在北京吗？

_{Do you live in Beijing?}

^{tā zuò zài shāfā shàng.}

他坐在沙发上。

_{He is sitting on the sofa.}

^{shuǐbēi fàng zài zhuōzi shàng.}

水杯放在桌子上。

_{The glass of water is placed on the table.}

^{bùyào zhàn zài mǎlù zhōngjiān.}

不要站在马路中间。

_{Don’t stand in the middle of the road.}

The preposition 在 (zài) can combine with other location prepositions to express the meaning “at”, “in”, “on”, “under” a location.

PATTERN

在 + object +上/下/里/外

在……上

^{píngguǒ zài zhuōzi shàng.}

苹果在桌子上。

_{Apples are on the table.}

^{xínglǐ zài fēijī shàng.}

行李在飞机上。

_{The luggage is on the plane.}

在……下

^{xiǎo māo zài chuáng xià.}

小猫在床下。

_{The kitten is under the bed.}

^{dàdì zài jiǎo xià.}

大地在脚下。

_{The Earth is under your feet.}

在……里

^{qiānbǐ zài shūbāo lǐ.}

铅笔在书包里。

_{The pencil is in the bag.}

^{qiánbāo zài kǒudài lǐ.}

钱包在口袋里。

_{The wallet is in the pocket.}

When 在(zài) expresses time, there should combine with 的时候.

的时候 can be used to mean “when” or “at that time”. 在 can be omitted.

PATTERN

在 + Time phrase + 的时候

^{(zài) gōngzuò de shíhòu, wǒ bù xǐhuān yǒurén dǎrǎo.}

(在)工作的时候，我不喜欢有人打扰

_{At work, I don’t like being interrupted.}

^{(zài) shǔjià de shíhòu, wǒ qùle zhōngguó.}

(在)暑假的时候，我去了中国。

_{During the summer vacation, I went to China.}

SPECIAL USE OF “在”

在 +上/下 can also be used to comment on an idea or concept.

PATTERN

在 + Topic + 上

在 + topic + 上 can be translated as “on the topic of” or “in regards to”.

中国人和日本人在生活习惯上很不一样。	zhōngguó rén hé rìběn rén zài shēnghuó xíguàn shàng hěn bù yīyàng.	Chinese and Japanese people have very different living habits.
这句话在语法上是对的。	zhè jù huà zài yǔfǎ shàng shì duì de.	This sentence is grammatically correct.

PATTERN

在 + Topic + 下

在 + topic + 下 can be translated as “under the topic of” or “due to.”

在老师的指导下，他成功地完成了那个项目。

zài lǎoshī de zhǐdǎo xià, tā chénggōng de wánchéngle nàgè xiàngmù.

Under the guidance of the teacher, he successfully completed the project.

在 (zài) is combined with 方面 (fāng miàn) to make the phrase “in the area of…”. This structure expresses the scope of something.

PATTERN

在 + Topic + 方面

在管理方面，我还需要好好向你学习。	zài guǎnlǐ fāngmiàn, wǒ hái xūyào hǎohǎo xiàng nǐ xuéxí.	In terms of management, I still need to learn from you.
在音乐方面，他是个天才。	zài yīnyuè fāngmiàn, tā shìgè tiāncái.	In terms of music, he is a genius.

在 AS A VERB

The verb 在 (zài) is used to express existence in a place, which states ‘to be located at’.

Here “在” (zài) is the only verb needed, you don’t need to put another verb in this structure.

STATEMENT	QUESTION	NEGATION
Subject + 在 + place	Subject + 在 + 哪儿？	Subject + 不/没 + 在 + place
妈妈在家。 māmā zàijiā. Mum is at home.	哥哥在哪儿？ gēgē zài nǎ’er? Where is brother?	妈妈不在家。 māmā bù zàijiā. Mum is not at home.
爸爸在公司。 bàba zài gōngsī. Dad is at work.	Subject + 在 + place + 吗？	= 妈妈没在家。 māmā méi zàijiā. Mum is not at home.
我在学校。 wǒ zài xuéxiào. I’m at school.	爸爸在公司吗？ bàba zài gōngsī ma? Is Dad at work?

在 (zài) and 正在 (zhèngzài) can be used as auxiliary verbs to express that an action is in progress or an activity is happening now.

PATTERN

Subject +（正）在 + Verb + Object

^{bàba (zhèng) zài chīfàn.}

爸爸(正)在吃饭。

_{Dad is eating}

^{wǒ (zhèng) zài xuéxí hànyǔ.}

我(正)在学习汉语。

_{I am learning Chinese.}

在 (zài) can sometimes be used to express making decisions, which means “up to you”.

PATTERN

Verb + 不 + Verb + 在 + Pronoun

^{qù bù qù zài nǐ.}

去不去在你。

_{It’s up to you to go or not.}

^{xiě bù xiě zài nǐ.}

写不写在你。

_{It’s up to you to write or not.}

SUMMARY

在 as a preposition:

STRUCTURE	CHINESE	ENGLISH
Subject + 在 + place + Verb	他在公司工作。 tā zài gōngsī gōngzuò.	He works at the company.
Subject + 住/放/坐/站 + 在 + Location	你住在北京吗？ nǐ zhù zài běijīng ma?	Do you live in Beijing?
在……上	苹果在桌子上。 píngguǒ zài zhuōzi shàng.	Apples are on the table.
在……下	大地在脚下。 dàdì zài jiǎoxià.	The Earth is under your feet.
在……里	铅笔在书包里。 qiānbǐ zài shūbāo lǐ.	The pencil is in the bag.
在 + time phrase + 的时候	(在)工作的时候，我不喜欢有人打扰。 (zài) gōngzuò de shíhòu, wǒ bù xǐhuān yǒurén dǎrǎo	At work, I don’t like being interrupted
在 + topic + 上	这句话在语法上是对的。 zhè jù huà zài yǔfǎ shàng shì duì de	This sentence is grammatically correct.
在 + topic + 下	在老师的指导下，他成功地完成了那个项目。 zài lǎoshī de zhǐdǎo xià, tā chénggōng de wánchéngle nàgè xiàngmù.	Under the guidance of the teacher, he successfully completed the project.
在 + topic + 方面	在音乐方面，他是个天才。 zài yīnyuè fāngmiàn, tā shìgè tiāncái.	In terms of music, he is a genius.

在 a verb:

STRUCTURE	CHINESE	ENGLISH
(Statement) Subject + 在 + place	妈妈在家。 māmā zàijiā.	Mum is at home.
(Question) Subject + 在 + 哪儿？	哥哥在哪儿？ gēgē zài nǎ’er?	Where is the older brother?
Subject + 在 + place + 吗？	爸爸在公司吗？ bàba zài gōngsī ma?	Is Dad at work?
(Negation) Subject + 不/没 + 在 + place	妈妈不在家。 māmā bù zàijiā.	Mum is not home.
Subject +（正）在 + Verb + Object	我(正)在学习汉语。 wǒ (zhèng) zài xuéxí hànyǔ.	I am learning Chinese.
Verb + 不 + Verb + 在 + pronoun	去不去在你。 qù bù qù zài nǐ.	It’s up to you to go or not.

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FAQs

What is 在?

在 (zài) has several different uses and functions. It can be used as preposition and sometimes verb. Most of them have to do with location.

It is actually the 8th most common Chinese character, so you’ll see it pretty often.

How to use 在?

在 (zài) can be used as preposition and sometimes verb.

Here are some common structures:

Subject + 在 + place + Verb

Subject + 住/放/坐/站 + 在 + Location

Subject + 在 + place + 吗？

(Negation) Subject + 不/没 + 在 + place

What are some examples with 在?

Here are some examples with 在:

妈妈在超市买东西。māmā zài chāoshì mǎi dōngxī. | Mum is shopping in the supermarket.

他坐在沙发上。tā zuò zài shāfā shàng. | He is sitting on the sofa.

妈妈在家。māmā zàijiā. | Mum is at home.

妈妈不在家。māmā bù zàijiā. | Mum is not at home.

Is it necessary to learn how to use 在?

It is indeed!

There are some basic sentence structures you absolutely need to learn, otherwise you’ll have trouble expressing yourself and make sentences correctly.

The same goes for many other particles of the Chinese language, such as the use of 的 and 吗 for example.

Any other grammar I should know about?

There are a few indeed.

Here is a list to get you started:

How to use 的

How to use 不

How to use 吧

How to use 呢

How to use 吗

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Check out our Grammar Bank for sentence structures and basic language rules.

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HOW TO USE 在?

在 AS A PREPOSITION

PATTERN

PATTERN

PATTERN

在……上

在……下

在……里

PATTERN

SPECIAL USE OF “在”

PATTERN

PATTERN

PATTERN

在 AS A VERB

PATTERN

PATTERN

SUMMARY

在 as a preposition:

在 a verb:

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