Chinese Grammar Bank
HOW TO USE 怎么?
In this article you will learn more about one of the most used question word: 怎么.
Learning how to use 怎么 will be especially useful as you keep improving your Chinese language skills and start to build more complex sentences.
USING 怎么 WITH VERBS
The question word 怎么 (zěnme) is used to ask “how” in Chinese. It is inserted in front of the verb that’s being asked about:
PATTERN
(Subject) + 怎么 + Verb + (Object)？
If the subject refers to “you”, it can be omitted:
The object doesn’t have to come after the verb. Sometimes it moves to the front of the question.
PATTERN
Topic (Object) + 怎么 + Verb?
The question word 怎么 (zěnme) can also used to ask “why” in Chinese, which is similar to the question word 为什么 (wèishénme)。
PATTERN
Subject + 怎么 + Verb + Object ?
| 他怎么还没来？ | tā zěnme hái méi lái? | Why hasn’t he come yet? | = 他为什么还没来？ |
| 你们怎么打人？ | nǐmen zěnme dǎ rén? | Why do you hit people? | = 你们为什么打人？ |
BONUS // 不怎么 and 没怎么
When 不怎么 is used with a verb, it means that one does not put a lot of time or energy into doing it. In other words, the action is done “not often”.
PATTERN
Subject + 不怎么 + Verb
When 没怎么 is used with a verb, it means that one did not do the action with much time or energy. That verb uses or implies 有 and thus it uses the same the 有 negation rules.
PATTERN
Subject + 没怎么 + Verb
USING 怎么 WITH ADJECTIVES
怎么 with adjectives is most common to negate the adjective after 怎么。
PATTERN
Subject +怎么 (+不) + Adjective
怎么 (zěnme) frequently appears with 这么 (zhème) or 那么 (nàme) to express the meaning of “how can (something) be so (adjective)?!”
PATTERN
Subject + 怎么 + 这么/那么 + Adjective
When used together with an adjective, 不怎么 becomes similar to 不太, which means that the degree of the adjective is not very high.
PATTERN
Subject + 不怎么 + Adjective
USING 怎么 IN A RHETORICAL QUESTION
Rhetorical questions are asked in order to make a point. The speaker doesn’t really expect an answer because the answer should be obvious.
The speaker clearly thinks this shouldn’t have happened, or thought it couldn’t have happened.
| 你怎么会不知道这件事？ | = | 你应该知道这件事。 |
| nǐ zěnme huì bù zhīdào zhè jiàn shì? | = | nǐ yīnggāi zhīdào zhè jiàn shì. |
| How can you not know this? | = | You should know this. |
SUMMARY
怎么 + Verbs
| STRUCTURE | CHINESE | ENGLISH | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HOW 1 | (Subject) + 怎么 + Verb + (Object)？ | 你怎么上班? nǐ zěnme shàngbān. | How do you go to work? |
| HOW 2 | Topic (Obj.) + 怎么+ Verb? | 这道菜怎么做？zhè dào cài zěnme zuò? | How to make this dish? |
| WHY | Subject +怎么 + Verb + Object ? | 他怎么还没来？tā zěnme hái méi lái? | Why hasn’t he come yet? |
| 不怎么 does not do often | Subject + 不怎么 + Verb | 他不怎么爱说话。tā bù zě me ài shuōhuà. | He is not very talkative. |
| 没怎么 did not do many/much | Subject + 没怎么 + Verb | 我没怎么复习。wǒ méi zěnme fùxí. | I didn’t review much. |
怎么 + Adjectives
| STRUCTURE | CHINESE | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
| Subject +怎么 (+不) + Adjective | 水怎么不热？shuǐ zěnme bù rè? | Why is the water not hot? |
| Subject + 怎么 + 这么/那么 + Adjective | 他怎么那么懒？tā zěnme nàme lǎn? | Why is he so lazy? |
| Subject + 不怎么 + Adjective | 最近不怎么忙。zuìjìn bù zě me máng. | Not very busy recently. |
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FAQS
What is 怎么?
怎么 is a Chinese question word that we can translate by “how”, but in several instances it can also mean “why”.
It is encountered very often in daily situations, so as other question words it is a very useful one to master.
How to pronounce 怎么?
怎么 is pronounced zěnme.
How to use 怎么?
Here are some of the most common sentence structures with 怎么.
怎么 can be used with verbs to mean HOW: (Subject) + 怎么 + Verb + (Object)？
Used with verbs, 怎么 can also mean WHY: Subject +怎么 + Verb + Object ?
怎么 can also be used with adjectives, most often used to negate the adjective placed after 怎么: Subject +怎么 (+不) + Adjective
What are some examples with 怎么?
你怎么上班? nǐ zěnme shàngbān. | How do you go to work?
他怎么还没来？tā zěnme hái méi lái? | Why hasn’t he come yet?我没怎么复习。wǒ méi zěnme fùxí. | I didn’t review much.
水怎么不热？shuǐ zěnme bù rè? | Why is the water not hot?
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First thing to know about the Chinese language is that there is no alphabet!
Characters are used, and are themselves made of various components called radicals.
Characters are best learned with a Chinese teacher as they can explain how to write them, in what stroke order, as well as their origin and meaning.
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