Chinese Grammar Bank
HOW TO USE 着
着 (zhe) is a particle used to indicate the continuous aspect of a situation.
We can also use it to express the existence, appearance, or disappearance of someone or something.
The meaning of existential structure is similar to the ‘There is’ structure in English.

HOW TO USE 着 | BASIC STRUCTURE
We often pair 着 with stative verbs in existential structures to express that someone or something exists, and there is a continuous state.
PATTERN
Place + Verb + 着 + [Noun Phrase]
- Verb: Unlike action verbs, the verb here describes a state such as sitting, standing, or lying
- Noun Phrase: Something or Somebody
餐桌上放着一个苹果派。
There is an apple pie on the table.墙上挂着一个钟表。
There is a clock on the wall.View More Phrases
| CHINESE | PINYIN | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
| 教室里站着一个学生。 | jiào shì lǐ zhàn zhe yí gè xué shēng . | There is a student standing in the classroom. |
| 田野里种着成片的稻谷。 | tián yě lǐ zhǒng zhe chéng piàn de dào gǔ . | There are patches of rice planted in the fields. |
| 地下室里堆着许多旧东西。 | dì xià shì lǐ duī zhe xǔ duō jiù dōng xī . | There is lots of old stuff piled up in the basement. |
| 路边停着几辆轿车。 | lù biān tíng zhe jǐ liàng jiào chē . | There are several cars parked on the side of the road. |
| 窗台上摆着两盆花。 | chuāng tái shàng bǎi zhe liǎng pén huā . | There are two pots of flowers on the windowsill. |
Note that in English we sometimes use a verb in its “-ing” form, and sometimes use the passive “-ed” form of the verb.
EXPRESSING EXISTENCE 是 WITH
“是” is also often used in alternative existing sentences to indicate the location or area.
It’s worth noting that there’s no real time indication for 是 structure. It could be setting a scene in a story (in the past) or describing the current state of things (in the present).
PATTERN
Place + 是 + [Noun Phrase]
Let’s look at the following two sentences:
- 盒子里是一条项链。
- 盒子里放着一条项链。
Comparing the two examples, they both mean “there’s a necklace inside the box.” However, there’s a slight difference between the sentences.
In the first sentence, the object (项链) that comes after 是 is the only thing (worth mentioning) in that area.
In other words, if you use 是 in the sentence, that indicates, “There is nothing in the box other than the necklace.”
桌子上是昨天没吃完的菜。
The food that was left over from yesterday is on the table.View More Phrases
| CHINESE | PINYIN | ENGLISH |
|---|---|---|
| 抽屉里是几个笔记本。 | chōu tì lǐ shì jǐ gè bǐ jì běn | There are some notebooks in the drawer. |
| 书包里是我的作业。 | shū bāo lǐ shì wǒ de zuò yè | My homework is in the bag. |
| 墙上是她和家人的照片。 | qiáng shàng shì tā hé jiā rén de zhào piān | There are pictures of her and her family on the wall. |
| 箱子里是给你的礼物。 | xiāng zi lǐ shì gěi nǐ de lǐ wù | Your gift is in the box. |
| 洗衣机里是一些脏衣服。 | xǐ yī jī lǐ shì yī xiē zàng yī fú | There are dirty clothes inside the washing machine. |
You should also note that 是 is used to describe a singular object existing somewhere, while 有 can refer to multiple objects/people.
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FAQs
What is 着?
着 is a particle used to indicated the continuous aspect of a situation.
We can also use it to express the existence, appearance, or disappearance of someone or something.
What is the sentence structure with 着?
We often pair 着 with stative verbs in existential structures to express that someone or something exists, and there is a continuous state. The structure is as follows.
Place + Verb + 着 + [Noun Phrase]
Verb: Unlike action verbs, the verb here describes a state such as sitting, standing, or lying
Noun Phrase: Something or Somebody
Some examples of sentences with 着?
餐桌上放着一个苹果派。| There is an apple pie on the table.
教室里站着一个学生。| There is a student standing in the classroom.
墙上挂着一个钟表。| There is a clock on the wall.
How else to express existence in Chinese?
“是” is also often used in alternative existing sentences to indicate the location or area.
It’s worth noting that there’s no real time indication for 是 structure. It could be setting a scene in a story (in the past) or describing the current state of things (in the present).
The sentence structure is:
Place + 是 + [Noun Phrase]
桌子上是昨天没吃完的菜。| The food that was left over from yesterday is on the table.
书包里是我的作业。| My homework is in the bag.
箱子里是给你的礼物。| Your gift is in the bow.
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Diễn đạt "thảo nào/bảo sao" với 怪不得 và 难怪
怪不得 + [Quan sát/Kết quả], 原来 + [Lý do] -
Cách dùng 来说 bày tỏ ý kiến bằng tiếng Trung
对 + Người/Vật/Con vật + 来说 + [Khẳng định/Ý kiến] -
Diễn tả sự đủ với 够
Chủ ngữ / Tân ngữ + 够 + Động từ / Mục đích -
Cấu trúc so sánh tiếng Trung
Danh từ 1 + 跟 / 和 + Danh từ 2 + 一样 -
Cách dùng 刚 và 刚刚
Chủ ngữ + 刚 + Động từ -
Cách dùng 总是
Chủ ngữ + 总是 + Động từ -
Cách dùng 另外
另外 + Số + Lượng từ + Danh từ -
Cách dùng 如果
如果 + Mệnh đề, (就 +) Mệnh đề -
Cách dùng 看起来
Chủ ngữ + 看起来 + Tính từ -
"Trước khi" với 之前 & "sau khi" với 之后
Sự kiện/Thời gian + 之前/之后 -
Diễn đạt "ít hơn" với 不到
Chủ ngữ + Động từ + 不到 (+ danh từ/cụm danh từ) -
Cách dùng 被
Chủ ngữ + 被 + Người thực hiện hành động (không bắt buộc) + Động từ -
Cách dùng 着
Địa điểm + Động từ + 着 + [Cụm danh từ] -
Cách dùng 为了
为了 …… ,Chủ ngữ …… -
Sự khác biệt giữa 通过 và 经过
经过 +Sự kiện / Thời gian ,…… -
Cách dùng 越来越
Chủ ngữ+ 越来越 + Tính từ+ 了 -
Cách dùng 挺
挺 + Tính từ + 的 -
Cách dùng 那么 và 这么
Chủ ngữ + 那么/这么 + Tính từ -
Cách dùng 之类的
⋯⋯ 之类的 + Loại -
Cách dùng 地
Chủ ngữ + Tính từ + 地 + Động từ -
Tính từ lặp lại trong tiếng Trung
A A + 的 (+ Danh từ) -
Cách dùng 就是
就是(+ 不)+ Động từ -
Cách dùng 极了
Chủ ngữ + Tính từ + 极了 -
Cách dùng 原来 để diễn đạt nghĩa "Vốn dĩ"
原来 + 的 + Danh từ -
Cách sử dụng 把
把 + Tân ngữ + Cụm động từ
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