Vietnamese Dialects // North or South?
Which Vietnamese Dialect Should I Learn šš¼āāļø North vs South
This is one of the very early questions a Vietnamese learner asks themselves – which Vietnamese dialect should you learn.
When you research materials about Vietnamese online, you learn quickly that there are lots of different dialects of Vietnamese.
Each region has its own way of speaking. For me, thatās part of what makes learning Vietnamese so exciting.
There are so many established dialects and each one has its own special characteristics. There are so many different fun differences between them that I know Iāll never get bored studying Vietnamese.
Vietnamese Dialects || What Is A Dialect?
Vietnamese Dialects || What Vietnamese Dialect to Learn?
Vietnamese Dialects || The Hanoi Dialect
Vietnamese Dialects || The Best of Both Worlds
Vietnamese Dialects || How To Study Vietnamese Dialects?
Vietnamese Dialects || FAQs
Before I go any further, I want to address a question:
What Even is a Dialect?
This is a really complicated question, and Iām not actually going to answer it. Dialects can be defined for political reasons, like in China where all the Sinitic languages (e.g. Cantonese, Mandarin, Hokkien, etc.) are defined as dialects.
This gives the sense that everyone speaks the same language. In English, we rarely use the word dialect to define the differences between the way people speak.
We just say āBritish accent,ā āAustralian accent,ā or āSouth African accent,ā when talking about the way different people speak.
Even though in the United States we have different dialects of English with their own distinct grammars and vocabularies, like African American Vernacular English (AAVE), the general population doesnāt conceptualise them as dialects, even if a linguist might.
I give all these examples to say, the difference between dialect, language, and accent isnāt exactly clear.
For the purposes of this article, Iām going to use the words ādialectā and āaccentā interchangeably.
From what Iāve observed here in Vietnam, people here also use both of these words to refer to the way people speak in different regions of the country.
So What Vietnamese Dialect to Learn?
Iām by no means an expert on Vietnamese dialects, but hereās what I do know.
For Vietnamese, there are three major dialects.
- The Northern dialect (giį»ng Miį»n BįŗÆc)
- The Central dialect (giį»ng Miį»n Trung)
- The Southern dialect (giį»ng Miį»n Nam)
I think most learners start off with either the Northern dialect (represented by the Hanoi accent) and the Southern Dialect (represented by the Saigon accent).
The tone system is slightly different between these two Vietnamese dialects, with the Northern dialect having 6 tones and the Southern dialect having 5.
There are lots of word differences as well, and intonation and pronunciation are pretty different too. That being said, they are largely mutually intelligible.
I find that a lot of learners are really strict about sticking to one dialect. They only want to watch videos in one dialect, listen to audio in one dialect, speak to speakers who speak the dialect theyāre learning.
Honestly, I think this approach is wrong and not practical for the realities of dialects in Vietnam.
One of the first things I noticed upon moving to Saigon is that I was immediately confronted with the challenge of having to become bi-dialectal, at least passively, almost immediately.
I live in Ho Chi Minh City, which is a city with people from all over Vietnam.
When I talk to street vendors, taxi drivers, friends, or other strangers I meet, I never know what dialect theyāre going to speak in.
This is also true for when I listen to Vietnamese podcasts or watch the news.
Oftentimes, Iāll be listening to an interview and one person is speaking with a Southern accent and the other person is speaking with a Northern accent. If I were super strict about sticking to just one dialect for content, I wouldnāt have any content to consume.
I want to explain how I decided what dialect to learn and also how Iām working to passively be able to understand other dialects so that I can communicate with the widest swath of people possible. Iāve found decent success in this approach, but itās my no means the only way to tackle this issue.
I was initially drawn to the Hanoi accent.
Since Hanoi is the capital of the country, that accent felt more official to me. Also, a lot of the materials I initially found online for learning were in the Hanoi dialect.
Vietnamese learning materials are already relatively sparse compared to languages like Mandarin or Spanish, so I figured I would make my life a little easier if I learned the dialect with the most materials. However, after some more research, I changed my mind.
I ended up landing on the Saigon accent for a few reasons.
First and foremost, I live in Saigon. Itās the accent I hear most, and itās the one most of my friends speak.
I also thought about using Vietnamese in the US, where Iām from.
From what I understand, a lot of the Vietnamese community in the US speaks with the Southern accent, so I thought it would make it easier for me to communicate with people if I ever use it in the US.
Lastly, Iām from Mississippi, which is located in the South in the US. Iāve spent most of my life there, and Iām drawn to things that are Southern. This extends to my foreign language interests.
When I speak Mandarin, I speak with a Taiwanese accent. IāmĀ attracted to languages spoken in Southern China, like Cantonese and Taiwanese.
I decided I wanted my Vietnamese learning studies to also be distinctly Southern.Ā
All that being said, I have been consciously observing other Vietnamese dialects and trying to also learn about them as well.
Before getting to how Iām doing that, I want to also go through some thoughts on why someone might learn the Northern dialect.Ā
Vietnamese Dialects || The Hanoi Dialect
I can think of lots of reasons why someone would learn to speak like a Hanoian.
Maybe thatās what your family speaks at home.
Or perhaps youāre drawn to Hanoiās ancient history and want to live there.
Also, like I said above, most of the better Vietnamese learning materials out there are in that accent anyway. This is changing, but at the moment thatās the case.
The Northern accent is associated with speaking elegantly. People say that people from Ha Noi, ānĆ³i nhĘ° hĆ”t,ā speak as if theyāre singing.
That might be something that appeals to you, and if it does, maybe the Northern accent is the one for you!
Vietnamese Accents || The Best of Both Worlds
Regardless of what accent you learn, youāre going to need knowledge in other dialects.
From what Iāve heard anecdotally, people who start with learning the Northern dialect actually end up having a lot of trouble understanding people in Saigon but people who start with the Southern dialect are fine when they go to Hanoi. I believe this.
Saigon is a city with people from all over the country, so itās pretty common to encounter speakers of the Northern dialect.
Likewise, a lot of official media is oftentimes in the Northern dialect, so itās impossible not to hear it.Ā
For me, Iāve made my approach to learning different dialects more conscious. I focused on just the Saigon dialect when starting, but as Iāve gotten deeper into the language, Iāve also added study of other dialects into the mix.
My personal goal at the moment is just to understand people from different regions, but one day I might also strive to speak with different dialects.
Oh, and on a very important side-note, people sing different karaoke songs in the different dialects depending on where the songs are from, so even people who speak the Saigon dialect all the time know how to sing in the Hanoi dialect.
If youāre a big karaoke fan like me, this is important to know.Ā
How To Study Vietnamese Dialects?
In regards to studying, I would recommend sticking with one dialect for speaking, at least at first.
For listening, however, itās good to practice with lots of different accents.
The Wikipedia page on Vietnamese language has a section on language variation that isnāt a bad place to start .
Itās not too long and it gives a good overview on how they are different.
In terms of vocabulary, I find that most young people that I interact with seem to be familiar with the differences in each region.
When I use a word thatās from the North, my Southern friends not only know it, they offer up the way they would say it as well.
The next thing I recommend is looking into different Vietnamese news and radio stations. Every major city has their own news station. Most have websites or YouTube channels.
Even if the news presenters are using a more official or standard version of Vietnamese, a lot of the people interviewed will speak as they normally do. This is a great way to get exposed to a lot of different regionalisms.
If youāre taking Vietnamese lessons, itās actually pretty likely that your teacher will teach you both as you get more advanced.
When I was taking lessons about a year ago, my teacher would often just casually mention differences. She would teach a grammar pattern common in the South and then give me the Northern equivalent.
I didnāt ever strive to acquire the Northern versions, but I did mentally note them down so I can understand them when I encounter them.
I know all of this might sound daunting, but for me itās what makes Vietnamese endlessly exciting.
The fact of the matter is that regardless of what dialect you choose to learn, you canāt go wrong!
As long as youāre speaking in one of the more prevalent dialects, people will understand you.
That doesnāt mean that youāll understand other people, though, so you might need to put in a little extra effort to understand speakers from all over the country and the Vietnamese diaspora.
Vietnamese Dialects || FAQs
What are the major Vietnamese dialects?
For Vietnamese, there are three major dialects.
The Northern dialect (giį»ng Miį»n BįŗÆc)
The Central dialect (giį»ng Miį»n Trung)
The Southern dialect (giį»ng Miį»n Nam)
Is the tone system the same for northern and southern Vietnamese?
The tone system is slightly different between these two Vietnamese dialects, with the Northern dialect having 6 tones and the Southern dialect having 5.
Why might I learn Hanoian Vietnamese?
Maybe thatās what your family speaks at home.
Or perhaps youāre drawn to Hanoiās ancient history and want to live there.
Also, like I said above, most of the better Vietnamese learning materials out there are in that accent anyway. This is changing, but at the moment thatās the case.
The Northern accent is associated with speaking elegantly. People say that people from Ha Noi, ānĆ³i nhĘ° hĆ”t,ā speak as if theyāre singing.
That might be something that appeals to you, and if it does, maybe the Northern accent is the one for you!
What is a good way to learn Vietnamese dialects?
On great thing I recommend is looking into different Vietnamese news and radio stations.
Every major city has their own news station. Most have websites or YouTube channels.
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10 comments
They really differ a lot. I noticed this in my travels here
Making our job even harder š
Had no idea they were so different and I spent 6 months there
Glad we could help Curtis!
I lived in both north and south - they really do differ! Important newbies know this
You are absolutely spot on Finn!
Wow glad I read this, planning to travel Vietnam soon and wanted to learn some Vietnamese but now I need to be aware of this!
You're going to love the trip!
Maybe come and take some Flexi Classes before hand? Our Vietnamese courses are the cheapest of all! https://flexiclasses.com/vietnamese-online/
They really do differ š¬
Practice makes perfect Hector