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Vietnamese Grammar Bank

PROBABILITY IN VIETNAMESE

In this lesson, you will learn how to express probability in Vietnamese using common phrases such as hình như, có lẽ, chắc là, and có thể.

These expressions help you talk about uncertainty, possibility, and likelihood in everyday situations.

CÓ THỂ = MIGHT BE

“Có thể” is used to express possibility or probability in the present or future.

PATTERN

Subject + có thể + Verb

For example: 

Anh ấy thể giải quyết vấn đề này.He might solve this problem
Cô ấy thể trở thành một bác sĩ giỏi.She might become a good doctor
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Dự án này thể thành công.This project might succeed
Tôi thể hoàn thành công việc trước thời hạn.I might finish the work ahead of schedule
Trẻ em thể học rất nhanh.Children might learn very quickly
Họ thể đến vào chiều nay.They might come this afternoon

CHẮC LÀ = PROBABLY 

“Chắc là” is used to express a slight degree of certainty about an event.

PATTERN

Chắc là + clause

For example: 

Chắc họ đã về nhà rồi.They’ve probably gone home already
Chắc là hôm nay trời sẽ nắng.It will probably be sunny today
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Chắc là cô ấy đang ở văn phòng.She’s probably in the office
Chắc là anh ta đã hiểu sai ý tôi.He probably misunderstood my point
Chắc là chúng ta sẽ phải đợi thêm.We’ll probably have to wait longer
Chắc là anh ấy không muốn tham gia.He probably doesn’t want to participate

HÌNH NHƯ = APPARENTLY

“Hình như” means “it seems” or “apparently,” indicating speculation based on observations or limited evidence.

PATTERN

Hình như + Clause

For example: 

Hình như anh ấy đang buồn.It seems he’s feeling sad
Hình như họ chưa biết tin này.It seems they don’t know this news yet
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Hình như cô ấy không thích món này.It seems she doesn’t like this dish
Hình như trời sắp mưa.It seems like it’s going to rain
Hình như anh ta quên mất cuộc họp.It seems he forgot about the meeting
Hình như họ chưa quyết định xong.It seems they haven’t finished deciding

CÓ LẼ = MAYBE / PERHAPS

“Có lẽ” is used to express moderate probability or speculation.

PATTERN

Subject + Có lẽ  + Clause

For example: 

Có lẽ tôi sẽ đến muộn một chút.Maybe I’ll be a bit late
Có lẽ anh ấy không tham dự.Maybe he won’t attend
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Có lẽ trời sẽ đẹp vào ngày mai.Perhaps the weather will be nice tomorrow
Có lẽ cô ấy không nghe rõ.Maybe she didn’t hear clearly
Có lẽ họ đang bận.Perhaps they’re busy
Có lẽ tôi nên cân nhắc lại quyết định của mình.Maybe I should reconsider my decision

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FAQs

What is the difference between “hình như” and “có lẽ”?

Both express uncertainty, but hình như often implies personal perception or assumption, while có lẽ is a more neutral way to say “maybe” or “probably.”

Can I use “chắc là” and “có thể” interchangeably?

Not exactly. Chắc là implies higher certainty (“surely”), while có thể suggests possibility without commitment (“might”).

Where do these expressions go in a sentence?

They typically appear at the beginning or before the verb phrase: e.g., Có lẽ anh ấy chưa đến. (“Maybe he hasn’t arrived.”)

Are these expressions formal or informal?

They are generally neutral and appropriate in both casual and polite contexts, depending on tone and situation.

How can I practice using these expressions naturally?

Try making predictions about current events or guessing what might happen using these structures, and get feedback from native speakers or a teacher.

Can I go study in Vietnam with LTL?

Yes, you can!

You can study with us in Saigon or Hanoi, in both group or individual classes.

You’ll even have the opportunity to live with a Vietnamese family, thanks to our homestays.

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